ABSTRACT
The Olympic Games continue to be a creator of adverse environmental impacts for host communities. Given the role that the Olympic Games play in sustainability due to their size, the number of people attending, new construction and infrastructure, and the extensive exposure by the media, this study investigated the Tokyo 2020 Games by evaluating the efficacy of their ecological sustainability efforts. Methods for this study were framed by the conceptual model of Muller et al. Specifically, the model is grounded on the three general aspects of sustainability: ecological, social, and economic. Compared to all Olympic events from 1992 through 2020, results from the present research indicated that Tokyo 2020 Olympics may have been the most ecologically friendly Games. This ecological record is significant, but it may be an unrealistic benchmark, given that the lack of attendance due to the COVID-19 pandemic influenced much of the ecological sustainability scores.
ABSTRACT
In this paper, we examine the implications of sport stadiums closures during the COVID-19 global pandemic. The paper looks at the impact of sport stadium closures from three perspectives: The individual fan, the sport organization, and societal implications, with specific consideration to the environment. Previous literature was reviewed in order to highlight the areas in which the sport industry will need to focus their attention to in the coming months and provide theoretical background for academics looking to identify unique research opportunities. With an understanding of the implications of sport stadium closures to the sport world and beyond, academics and practitioners can work to solve the problems that lie ahead during and after the COVID-19 crisis.